Occupational disease prevention and control knowledge
Occupational disease concept:
Occupational disease is refers to the enterprise, the business unit and the individual economic organization laborer in the occupation activity, because of the contact dust,
Disease caused by factors such as radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful substances.
National laws have the definition of occupational disease prevention, generally speaking, those who meet the legal requirements of the disease can be referred to as occupational diseases. Contact with toxic chemical substances used in production or in the production of labor, dust aerosol, abnormal weather conditions, high and low air pressure, noise, vibration, microwave, X-ray, gamma ray, bacteria exposed to dust, mold; long-term forced position operation
Continuous compression of local tissues and organs, etc., can cause occupational disease, generally referred to as the generalized occupational disease. The characteristics of laboratory monitoring center is to connect with the dust, and the occupational disease prevention and control has its own characteristics.
In the laboratory of the production process, occupational disease mainly has the following two aspects:
Production of toxic poisoning, such as irritant gases on the human nose, eyes, mouth and respiratory tract damage, metal poisoning, organic reagents or inorganic reagent poisoning a series in the laboratory analysis, due to exposure to toxins production of poisoning, known for occupational poisoning. In the process of machining, especially the dust and noise caused by the operation of crushing, screening, grinding and milling, and the damage to the respiratory tract, lungs and hearing of the human body.
Two. Prevention and treatment of several types of occupational diseases
1. Acute occupational poisoning field processing inhalation poisoning patients, should first from poisoning scene rescur to fresh air, keep quiet, warm and unbutton your shirt and belt, keeping the respiratory tract unobstructed. Absorbed through the skin the poisoning patients, immediately remove contaminated clothing, rinse thoroughly with plenty of water or detoxification liquid skin, special attention should be paid to wash the hair and skin folds. Oral poisoning patients by a timely reminder of emetic, gastric lavage and catharsis, but strong acid, alkali and other corrosive poison after oral administration should not rush emetic, gastric lavage, take milk, egg white to protect the gastric mucosa. The rescue should be carefully checked, to seize the key. If breathing is difficult, should immediately use oxygen inhalation.
Heart beat stop breathing out of the chest and mouth breathing. Site if there are special effects of detoxification drugs, to be used in a timely manner. After the initial rescue quickly transported to a nearby hospital for further treatment.
2 after the poisoning of self-help and mutual aid: when you find out when suddenly there is a lot of gas, to quickly put on gas masks for.
If the side without personal protective equipment, take a wet towel, handkerchief or clothing bag mouth, nose and immediately left the source of the poison to run on the wind. When the skin and eyes are contaminated with poison, rinse thoroughly with water. Exposure to a large number of poison, if feel unwell, should promptly seek medical examination.
3. Irritant gas poisoning treatment: irritating to eyes and respiratory tract, skin stimulating effect of harmful gas or vapor called irritant gases.
Its many varieties, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide, nitric acid and nitrogen oxide, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, phosgene, phosphorus trichloride, trichloro phosphate oxygen, ammonia, methyl bromide, chloropicrin, sulfuric acid dimethyl ester, tolylene diisocyanate, chlorine methyl ether, formaldehyde, acrolein, ozone, cadmium oxide, nickel carbonyl, hydrogen selenide and. The most common are chlorine, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, phosgene, hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, three.
The key to prevent irritant gas poisoning:
Most irritating gases are caused by accident or violation of operating procedures. On the other hand。 Equipment running, take, drop, leakage is also an important cause of acute poisoning accident. Therefore, the prevention of the focus is to strengthen safety management, prevent run, run, drip, leak, to prevent accidents.
4 first aid treatment of chemical eye burns:
The key to the prognosis of chemical eye burns is the timely treatment of first aid. First aid measures include: immediately and thoroughly rinse,
The acid burns with 2.5% sodium bicarbonate solution, alkaline substances burn with 3% boric acid solution or rinse with water
The drop of 1% dicaine pain, they can give analgesics
The mydriasis
The available antibiotic eyedrops, prevention of infection, or for anti infection treatment
The wipe of necrotic tissue, with antibiotic ointment or sterilized paraffin oil to prevent adhesion of eyeball.
5 treatment of skin burns
Chemicals that stimulate the corrosive effects of chemicals can cause skin burns, common are: sulfuric acid, nitric acid and nitrate,
Chloride and hydrochloric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, chlorine and hydrofluoric acid, bromine and hydrobromic acid, iodine and iodide, chromate and dichromate, potassium hydroxide, hydrogen
Sodium oxide, ammonia, lime, sodium carbonate, phosphorus trichloride, and two sulfuric acid methyl ester, phenol and cresol etc.. Chemical skin burns
Is the chemical directly to the skin to stimulate the corrosion and chemical reaction heat caused by acute skin injury, can be accompanied by high temperature chemical caused by heat burns, some chemicals can be absorbed through the skin, mucous membrane poisoning. These injuries should be immediately removed from the contaminated
Clothes, rinse with plenty of flowing water for 20 to 30 minutes. The flushing time should be prolonged, especially the attention and the
Other special parts such as facial, hand, perineum flushing, burn wounds after water flushing, necessary for reasonable and treatment.
Such as hydrofluoric acid burns, after water flushing, promptly with calcium and magnesium preparation local neutralization and treatment, if necessary with gluconate
Calcium and intravenous injection.
6 production of dust protection
Solid particles, which can be present in the air for a long time, are called dust particles. Formed in the process of labor production
Dust, called production